Abstract The presence of the new collectives as a force of action in the Brazilian social structure was consolidated from March 2020 with the Covid-19 pandemic. In Brazil, the return of collectives began in the 90s, markedly around racial and gender issues, mainly with a direct action in society and also with awareness movements, with study groups and lectures. However, the pandemic and the political and economic context in the country demanded energetic action in regions historically marked by government abandonment. In this context, numerous collectives were created in the city of Rio de Janeiro and even in several cities. The focus here is Maré Mobilization Front and its performance in the various waves that marked the pandemic.

Resumo A presença dos novos coletivos como força de atuação na estrutura social brasileira se consolidou a partir de março de 2020 com a pandemia do Covid-19. No Brasil o retorno dos coletivos tiveram início nos anos 90 marcadamente em torno das questões raciais e de gênero principalmente com uma atuação direta na sociedade e também com movimentos de conscientização, com grupos de estudos e palestras. Entretanto, a pandemia e o contexto político e econômico no país exigiram uma atuação enérgica em regiões historicamente marcadas pelo abandono governamental. Neste contexto, inúmeros coletivos foram gestados na cidade do Rio de Janeiro e ainda em diversas cidades. O enfoque aqui é a Frente de Mobilização da Maré e sua atuação nas diversas ondas que marcaram a pandemia.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Telomere length (TL) is a biomarker of cellular proliferative history. In healthy individuals, leukocyte TL shortens with age and associates with the lifespan of men and women. However, most of studies had used linear regression models to address the association of the TL attrition, aging and sex. Methods: We evaluated the association between the TL, aging and sex in a cohort of 180 healthy subjects by quantile regression. The TL of nucleated blood cells was measured by fluorescent in situ hypridization (flow-FISH) in a cohort of 89 men, 81 women, and 10 umbilical cord samples. The results were validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and compared to a linear regression analysis. Results: By quantile regression, telomere dynamics slightly differed between sexes with aging: women had longer telomeres at birth and slower attrition rate than men until the sixth decade of life; after that, TL eroded faster and became shorter than that in men. These differences were not observed by linear regression analysis, as the overall telomere attrition rates in women and men were similar (42 pb per year, p < 0.0001 vs. 45 pb kb per year, p < 0.0001). Also, qPCR did not recapitulate flow-FISH findings, as the telomere dynamics by qPCR followed a linear model. Conclusion: The quantile regression analysis accurately reproduced a third-orderpolynomial TL attrition rate in both women and men, but it depended on the technique applied to measure TL. The Flow-FISH reproduced the expected telomere dynamics through life and, differently from the qPCR, was able to detect the subtle TL variations associated with sex and aging.

RESUMO Introdução: Os profissionais de enfermagem estão expostos a acidentes com equipamentos perfurocortantes em função do contato contínuo e direto. Objetivos: Apresentar os fatores predisponentes que influenciam na ocorrência do acidente perfurocortante. Métodos: Estudo com abordagem qualitativa, com base na Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. O referencial teórico deste estudo compreendeu o Interacionismo Simbólico. A investigação alcançou 20 profissionais de enfermagem em um hospital público municipal do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Os dados foram colhidos por meio da entrevista semiestruturada. Foram analisados à luz dos procedimentos de codificação cabíveis ao método, a saber: aberta, axial e seletiva. Resultados: Duas categorias revelam o significado atribuído pelos profissionais acerca do acidente com equipamento perfurocortante: encontrando fatores predisponentes frente à dinâmica do serviço; percebendo a imprudência e imperícia na prática dos profissionais de enfermagem. Conclusões: As dificuldades que marcam a estrutura física, o inadequado dimensionamento de pessoal, o estado físico-psíquico dos trabalhadores de enfermagem e o déficit de recursos materiais contribuem de forma significativa para a ocorrência do acidente com perfurocortante.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Nursing professionals are exposed to accidents with sharp and cutting tools due to continuous and direct contact with them. Objective: To identify the predisposing factors influencing the occurrence of accidents with sharp and cutting tools. Methods: Study with a qualitative approach and based upon the theory grounded on the data. The theoretical referential of this study included the topic of symbolic interactionism. The sample consisted of 20 nursing professionals from a municipal public hospital in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The data were collected through a semi-structured interview and analyzed under the coding procedures appropriate to the method, namely: open, axial and selective. Results: Two categories reveal the meaning attributed by the professionals to the accident with sharp and cutting tools: predisposing factors in the face of the dynamics of the service and the imprudence and inaccuracy in the practice of nursing professionals. Conclusions: The difficulties that mark the physical structure, the inadequate distribution of the staff, the physical-psychic state of the nursing workers and the deficit of material resources contribute significantly to the occurrence of accidents with sharp and cutting tools.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los profesionales de enfermería están expuestos a accidentes con equipos punzocortantes en función del contacto continuo y directo con ellos. Objetivo: Presentar los factores predisponentes que influyen en la ocurrencia del accidente punzocortante. Métodos: Estudio con enfoque cualitativo, basado en la Teoría Fundamentada en los Datos. El referencial teórico de este estudio comprendió el Interaccionismo Simbólico. La investigación alcanzó a 20 profesionales de enfermería en un hospital público municipal del estado de Río de Janeiro. Los datos fueron recogidos por medio de una entrevista semiestructurada, y se analizaron a la luz de los procedimientos de codificación adecuados al método, a saber: Abierta, axial y selectiva. Resultados: Dos categorías revelan el significado atribuido por los profesionales al accidente con equipo punzocortante: factores predisponentes frente a la dinámica del servicio y la imprudencia e impericia en la práctica de los profesionales de enfermería. Conclusiones: Las dificultades que marcan la estructura física, el inadecuado dimensionamiento de personal, el estado físico-psíquico de los trabajadores de enfermería y el déficit de recursos materiales contribuyen de forma significativa a que ocurran accidentes con equipos punzocortantes.

ABSTRACT Objective: We evaluated the association between cognitive deficits and leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in HIV-1-infected individuals. Design: 73 HIV-1-infected patients undergoing neuropsychological evaluation and 91 healthy controls were included in this study. Fifteen HIV-1 positive patients did not have cognitive disorders whereas 26 had asymptomatic neurocognitive disorder (ANI), 13 presented mild to moderate neurocognitive disorder (MND), and 10 had HIV-associated dementia (HAD). Methods: DNA from the peripheral blood of HIV-1-infected patients was used for measurement of telomere length by real-time PCR. HIV-1 viral load was determined in blood. Results: LTL decreased with age in healthy controls (p=0.0001). Regardless of the HIV status, age-matched LTL from HIV patients, including those with ANI and MND, were shortened in comparison to the healthy control group (p=0.0073); however, no association was found among the HIV-1-infected individuals with cognitive deficits (p=0.01). In addition, no gender-related association with LTL was observed (p=0.80), smoking, physical exercise, and plasma viral load were not correlated to telomere length (p=0.66). Conclusions: We concluded that leukocyte telomere length may not be a marker of cellular senescence in individuals with HIV infection and neurocognitive disorders.

RESUMO A habilidade de fazer modificações pontuais no genoma humano tem sido o objetivo da medicina desde o conhecimento do DNA como unidade básica da hereditariedade. Entende-se terapia gênica como a capacidade do melhoramento genético por meio da correção de genes alterados (mutados) ou modificações sítio-específicas, que tenham como alvo o tratamento terapêutico. Este tipo de procedimento tornou-se possível por conta dos avanços da genética e da bioengenharia, que permitiram a manipulação de vetores para a entrega do material extracromossomal em células-alvo. Um dos principais focos desta técnica é a otimização dos veículos de entrega (vetores) que, em sua maioria, são plasmídeos, nanoestruturados ou vírus − sendo estes últimos os mais estudados, devido à sua excelência em invadir as células e inserir seu material genético. No entanto, existe grande preocupação referente às respostas imunes exacerbadas e à manipulação do genoma, principalmente em linhagens germinativas. Estudos em células somáticas in vivo apresentaram resultados satisfatórios, e já existem protocolos aprovados para uso clínico. Os principais trials têm sido conduzidos nos Estados Unidos, Europa, Austrália e China. Recentes avanços biotecnológicos empregados para o aprimoramento da terapia gênica, como células-tronco pluripotentes induzidas em pacientes portadores de doenças hepáticas, imunoterapia com células T do receptor do antígeno quimera e edição genômica pelos sistema CRISPR/Cas9, são abordados nesta revisão.

ABSTRACT The ability to make site-specific modifications to the human genome has been an objective in medicine since the recognition of the gene as the basic unit of heredity. Thus, gene therapy is understood as the ability of genetic improvement through the correction of altered (mutated) genes or site-specific modifications that target therapeutic treatment. This therapy became possible through the advances of genetics and bioengineering that enabled manipulating vectors for delivery of extrachromosomal material to target cells. One of the main focuses of this technique is the optimization of delivery vehicles (vectors) that are mostly plasmids, nanostructured or viruses. The viruses are more often investigated due to their excellence of invading cells and inserting their genetic material. However, there is great concern regarding exacerbated immune responses and genome manipulation, especially in germ line cells. In vivo studies in in somatic cell showed satisfactory results with approved protocols in clinical trials. These trials have been conducted in the United States, Europe, Australia and China. Recent biotechnological advances, such as induced pluripotent stem cells in patients with liver diseases, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy, and genomic editing by CRISPR/Cas9, are addressed in this review.

ABSTRACT Background: Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) comprise a group of malignant clonal hematologic disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and propensity for progression to acute myeloid leukemia. Acquired mutations in the gene encoding RNA splicing factor 3B subunit 1 (SF3B1) are highly associated with the MDS subtypes presenting ring sideroblasts, and represent a specific nosological entity. The effects of these mutations on clinical outcomes are diverse and contrasting. Methods: A cohort of 91 Brazilian MDS patients, including patients with ring sideroblasts in the bone marrow, were screened for mutations in the SF3B1 hotspots (exons 12-15) by direct Sanger sequencing. Results: SF3B1 heterozygous mutations were identified in six patients (7%), all of them with ring sideroblasts, thus confirming the association between SF3B1 mutations and myelodysplastic syndrome subtypes bearing this morphologic feature (frequency of 6/13, p-value < 0.0001). Conclusion: This is the first screening of SF3B1 mutations in a cohort of Brazilian myelodysplastic syndrome patients. Our findings confirm that mutations in this splicing gene correlate with bone marrow ringed sideroblasts.

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify how people with disabilities acquired after spinal cord injury react to perceived changes in their body image. Method: this exploratory, descriptive, qualitative, convergent-care study was conducted in the second half of 2011, with seven paraplegics with spinal cord injury, at the San Francisco de Assis Teaching Hospital and at the Paraplegic Home, in Rio de Janeiro City, Brazil. A semi-structured script was applied with thematic analysis. The research ethics committee approved the project (opinion 047/2011). Results: paraplegics' reactions vary with on their emotional maturity, level of understanding and acceptance of the new condition, functional dependency and autonomy, and attachment to prior body image. Conclusion: it was concluded that they tend initially to display negative reactions typical of coping with the new condition of functional dependence, such as difficulties in overcoming limitations in performing self-care and in detaching from their former body image, and progress through their own experiences with long-term care.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar las reacciones de las personas con discapacidades físicas adquiridas después de lesión de la médula, en cuanto a los cambios percibidos en la imagen corporal. Método: estudio exploratorio, descriptivo, cualitativo, convergente-asistencial, realizado en el segundo semestre de 2011, junto a siete parapléjicos con lesión medular, en el Hospital Universitario de San Francisco de Assis y en la Casa del Parapléjico, en la ciudad de Rio de Janeiro/Brasil. Se ha aplicado un guion semiestructurado, con análisis temático. Investigación aprobada por el Comité de Ética en Investigación, dictamen 047/2011. Resultados: las reacciones de los parapléjicos varían dependiendo de factores como: la madurez emocional, el nivel de comprensión y aceptación de la nueva condición, la dependencia funcional y la autonomía y apego a la imagen corporal anterior a la lesión. Conclusión: se concluye que tienen tendencia inicialmente a presentar reacciones negativas típicas de enfrentamiento a la nueva condición de dependencia funcional, como dificultades para superar las limitaciones para desempeñar el autocuidado y para desapegarse de la imagen corporal anterior, progresando a través de sus propias experiencias con el cuidado a largo plazo.

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar as reações de pessoas com deficiência física adquirida pós-lesão medular quanto às mudanças percebidas na imagem corporal. Método: pesquisa exploratória, descritiva, qualitativa, convergente-assistencial, realizada no segundo semestre de 2011, com sete paraplégicos com lesão medular, no Hospital Escola São Francisco de Assis e na Casa do Paraplégico, na Cidade do Rio de Janeiro/Brasil. Foi aplicado roteiro semiestruturado, com análise temática. Pesquisa aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, parecer 047/2011. Resultados: as reações dos paraplégicos variam, dependendo de fatores como maturidade emocional, nível de compreensão e aceitação da condição, dependência funcional e autonomia, e apegos à imagem corporal anterior. Conclusão: conclui-se que tendem, inicialmente, a apresentar reações negativas típicas do enfrentamento à nova condição de dependência funcional, como dificuldades para superar limitações para o desempenho do autocuidado e para desapegar da imagem corporal prévia, progredindo com as próprias experiências com o cuidado de longo prazo.

Abstract Background Phospholipases A 2 (PLA 2 s) are abundant components of snake venoms that have been extensively studied due to their pharmacological and pathophysiological effects on living organisms. This study aimed to assess the antitumor potential of BthTX-I, a basic myotoxic PLA 2isolated from Bothrops jararacussu venom, by evaluating in vitro processes of cytotoxicity, modulation of the cell cycle and induction of apoptosis in human (HL-60 and HepG2) and murine (PC-12 and B16F10) tumor cell lines. Methods The cytotoxic effects of BthTX-I were evaluated on the tumor cell lines HL-60 (promyelocytic leukemia), HepG2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma), PC-12 (murine pheochromocytoma) and B16F10 (murine melanoma) using the MTT method. Flow cytometry technique was used for the analysis of cell cycle alterations and death mechanisms (apoptosis and/or necrosis) induced in tumor cells after treatment with BthTX-I. Results It was observed that BthTX-I was cytotoxic to all evaluated tumor cell lines, reducing their viability in 40 to 50 %. The myotoxin showed modulating effects on the cell cycle of PC-12 and B16F10 cells, promoting delay in the G0/G1 phase. Additionally, flow cytometry analysis indicated cell death mainly by apoptosis. B16F10 was more susceptible to the effects of BthTX-I, with ~40 % of the cells analyzed in apoptosis, followed by HepG2 (~35 %), PC-12 (~25 %) and HL-60 (~4 %). Conclusions These results suggest that BthTX-I presents antitumor properties that may be useful for developing new therapeutic strategies against cancer.

A presente discussão é parte integrante da dissertação de mestrado intitulada: "Ressignificando a alta hospitalar e percebendo-se como o cuidador familiar: um estudo de enfermagem", vinculada à Escola de Enfermagem Anna Nery. Teve como objeto o significado da alta hospitalar para a família do cliente com sequelas do acidente vascular cerebral. O objetivo traçado para esta discussão foi: discutir o contexto vivido pelo cuidador familiar, considerando o duelo de sentimentos, de manifestações, de atitudes e de práticas. Foram adotados o referencial teórico do Interacionismo e o método Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. O estudo foi realizado em um hospital público municipal. Os atores sociais foram cuidadores familiares de vítimas de um acidente vascular. A partir da análise das categorias, o fenômeno revela o entendimento do conjunto de circunstâncias que acompanham o acontecimento e que, ao se articularem, interferem no significado que os familiares concedem à alta hospitalar.

This discussion is part of the dissertation entitled: "Resignifying discharge and perceive themselves as family caregivers: a study of nursing", linked to Anna Nery School of Nursing. It had as its object the meaning of the hospital for the client's family with sequelae form a stroke. The objective set for this discussion was: discuss the context experienced by family caregivers considering the dueling feelings, expressions, attitudes and practices. The theoretical approach was Interactionism, which was adopted the method Grounded Theory. The study was conducted at a public hall. The participants were family caregivers of victims of a stroke. From the analysis of the phenomenon categories reveals an understanding of the set of circumstances surrounding the event and to articulate meaning that interfere with family grant discharge.

Este debate forma parte de la tesis titulada: "Nuevo significado del alta hospitalaria y percepción de si propio como el cuidador familiar: un estudio de enfermería", vinculado a la Escuela de Enfermería Anna Nery. Tenía por objeto el significado del hospital para la familia del cliente con secuelas de ictus. El objetivo fijado para esta discusión fue: analizar el contexto vivido por los cuidadores de la familia teniendo en cuenta los sentimientos de duelo, expresiones, actitudes y prácticas. El enfoque teórico fue el Interaccionismo. Fue adoptado el método Grounded Theory. El estudio se realizó en una sala pública. Los participantes eran cuidadores familiares de las víctimas de un accidente cerebrovascular. A partir del análisis de las categorías, el fenómeno revela una comprensión del conjunto de circunstancias que rodean el caso y que, para articularse, interfieren con el significado de que miembros de la familia conceden a alta hospitalaria.

This discussion is part of the dissertation entitled: "Resignifying discharge and perceive themselves as family caregivers: a study of nursing", linked to Anna Nery School of Nursing. It had as its object the meaning of the hospital for the client's family with sequelae form a stroke. The objective set for this discussion was: discuss the context experienced by family caregivers considering the dueling feelings, expressions, attitudes and practices. The theoretical approach was Interactionism, which was adopted the method Grounded Theory. The study was conducted at a public hall. The participants were family caregivers of victims of a stroke. From the analysis of the phenomenon categories reveals an understanding of the set of circumstances surrounding the event and to articulate meaning that interfere with family grant discharge.

Este debate forma parte de la tesis titulada: "Nuevo significado del alta hospitalaria y percepción de si propio como el cuidador familiar: un estudio de enfermería", vinculado a la Escuela de Enfermería Anna Nery. Tenía por objeto el significado del hospital para la familia del cliente con secuelas de ictus. El objetivo fijado para esta discusión fue: analizar el contexto vivido por los cuidadores de la familia teniendo en cuenta los sentimientos de duelo, expresiones, actitudes y prácticas. El enfoque teórico fue el Interaccionismo. Fue adoptado el método Grounded Theory. El estudio se realizó en una sala pública. Los participantes eran cuidadores familiares de las víctimas de un accidente cerebrovascular. A partir del análisis de las categorías, el fenómeno revela una comprensión del conjunto de circunstancias que rodean el caso y que, para articularse, interfieren con el significado de que miembros de la familia conceden a alta hospitalaria.

A presente discussão é parte integrante da dissertação de mestrado intitulada: "Ressignificando a alta hospitalar e percebendo-se como o cuidador familiar: um estudo de enfermagem", vinculada à Escola de Enfermagem Anna Nery. Teve como objeto o significado da alta hospitalar para a família do cliente com sequelas do acidente vascular cerebral. O objetivo traçado para esta discussão foi: discutir o contexto vivido pelo cuidador familiar, considerando o duelo de sentimentos, de manifestações, de atitudes e de práticas. Foram adotados o referencial teórico do Interacionismo e o método Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. O estudo foi realizado em um hospital público municipal. Os atores sociais foram cuidadores familiares de vítimas de um acidente vascular. A partir da análise das categorias, o fenômeno revela o entendimento do conjunto de circunstâncias que acompanham o acontecimento e que, ao se articularem, interferem no significado que os familiares concedem à alta hospitalar.

Herein the first molecular diagnosis of a Brazilian child with Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome is reported. A 6-year-old boy was diagnosed with cystic fibrosis at the age of 15 months due to recurrent respiratory infections, diarrhea and therapeutic response to pancreatic enzymes. Three sweat tests were negative. At the age of 5 years, he began to experience pain in the lower limbs, laxity of joints, lameness and frequent falls. A radiological study revealed metaphyseal chondrodysplasia. A complete blood cell count showed leukopenia (leukocytes: 3.1-3.5 x 103/µL), neutropenia (segmented neutrophils: 15-22%), but normal hemoglobin, hematocrit and platelet count. A molecular study revealed biallelic mutations in the Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond Syndrome gene (183-184TA-CT K62X in exon 2 and a 258+2T-C transition) confirming the diagnosis of Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome. A non-pathologic, silent nucleotide A to G transition at position 201 was also found in heterozygosis in the Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond Syndrome gene. This is the first report to describe a Brazilian child with molecular diagnosis of Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome, a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, intermittent or persistent neutropenia and skeletal changes. Other characteristics include immune system, hepatic and cardiac changes and predisposition to leukemia. Recurrent bacterial, viral and fungal infections are common. The possibility of Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome should be kept in mind when investigating children with a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis and normal sweat tests.

AIM: To discuss the relationship between the family and hospital discharge regarding manifestations, attitudes, feelings and practices. METHOD: The Theory Based on Data Approach, with semi-structured interviews and unsystematic participant observation was used as an approach. The research was undertaken in a public hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Nine family members who are caregivers for a relative subsequent to a stroke, participated. RESULTS: The categories "Facing the unexpected," "Recognizing the need for care after discharge" and "Realizing one's importance in the recovery of the relative" emerged. DISCUSSION: The data showed an understanding on the part of the family with regard to the need to care for relative affected by stroke, highlighting the duality evident in this experience. CONCLUSION: The impact caused by the stroke and the need to take care of the relative at home highlights the importance of subjectivity and exchange of knowledge, being necessary to comply with the expectations and meanings of each family caregiver.

OBJETIVO: Discutir la relación familiar con el alta hospitalaria referente a las manifestaciones, las actitudes, los sentimientos y las prácticas. METODO: Grounded Theory o Teoría Fundamentada en los Datos, con entrevista semiestruturada y observación participante asistemática. El escenario fue un hospital público del municipio de Rio de Janeiro. Participaron nueve familiares que asumieron el cuidado del ser querido con secuelas de Accidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC). RESULTADOS: Emergieron las categorías "Deparándose con el imprevisto"; "Reconociendo la necesidad de cuidar después del alta hospitalaria" y "Percibiendo su importancia en la recuperación del familiar". DISCUSIÓN: Los datos apuntan para la comprensión del familiar considerando la necesidad de cuidar del ser querido acometido por AVC, destacando la dualidad evidenciada en esta vivencia. CONCLUSIÓN: El impacto, provocado por el AVC, y la necesidad de asumir el cuidado en el domicilio evidencia la subjetividad y la importancia del intercambio de saberes, siendo imprescindible respetar las expectativas y las significaciones de cada cuidador familiar.

OBJETIVO: discutir a relação da família com a alta hospitalar no que tange as manifestações, as atitudes, os sentimentos e as práticas. MÉTODO: Grounded Theory ou Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados, com entrevista semiestruturada e observação participante assistemática. O cenário foi um hospital público do município do Rio de Janeiro. Participaram nove familiares que assumirão o cuidado do ente com sequelas do Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC). RESULTADOS: emergiram as categorias "Deparando-se com o imprevisto"; "Reconhecendo a necessidade de cuidar após a alta hospitalar" e "Percebendo a sua importância na recuperação do familiar". DISCUSSÃO: os dados apontam para a compreensão do familiar considerando a necessidade de cuidar do ente acometido pelo AVC, destacando a dualidade evidenciada nesta vivência. CONCLUSÃO: o impacto, provocado pelo AVC, e a necessidade de assumir o cuidado no domicílio evidencia a subjetividade e a importância da troca de saberes, sendo imprescindível respeitar as expectativas e as significações de cada cuidador familar.

This is a bibliographic review which had the following aims: characterize the studies that focus on nursing care to the hospitalized client's family, published from 2003 to 2008 and discuss the main difficulties of the relationship nursing-family.For so, we used articles, thesis and dissertations available in the electronic online library: Scielo, data basis BIREME and LILACS as well as Capes, published from 2003 to 2008. The methodological approach chosen was a quanti-qualitative-analysis. The articles address the relationship between the nursing team and family members, emphasizing that this relationship is permeated by various conflicts. The article analysis showed that there are works turned to nursing and family however, there are still preliminary studies that map strategies like how the family can be a therapeutic tool in the hospitalization period.

Es un estudio de revisión bibliográfica cuyos objetivos fueron: caracterizar los estudios que tratan del cuidado de enfermería a la familia del cliente hospitalizado, publicados en el período del 2003 al 2008, y destacar los principales problemas de la relación enfermería-familia. Para ello, se utilizaron artículos, tesis y disertaciones, disponibles en la biblioteca electrónica online Scielo, en las bases de datos BIREME y LILACS y Portal Capes, publicadas del 2003 al 2008. El enfoque metodológico elegido fue el análisis cuantitativo. Los artículos abordan la relación del equipo con los familiares, haciendo hincapié en que esta relación está rodeada de diversos conflictos. El análisis de los artículos mostró que hay trabajos encaminados hacia la relación enfermería y familia, sin embargo, los estudios que esbozan estrategias de cómo la familia puede ser un instrumento terapéutico durante la hospitalización, aún son incipientes.

Trata-se de um estudo de revisão bibliográfica que teve como objetivos: caracterizar os estudos que versam sobre o cuidado de enfermagem à família do cliente hospitalizado, publicados no período de 2003 a 2008 e destacar as principais dificuldades da relação enfermagem-família. Para tal, foram utilizados artigos, teses e dissertações, disponíveis na biblioteca eletrônica online Scielo, nas bases de dados BIREME e LILACS e no Portal Capes, publicadas no período de 2003 a 2008. A abordagem metodológica escolhida foi a análise quantiqualitativa. Os artigos abordam a relação da equipe de enfermagem com os familiares, ressaltando que esta relação é permeada por diversos conflitos. A análise dos artigos permitiu concluir que há trabalhos voltados para a relação enfermagem e família no entanto, ainda são incipientes os estudos que traçam estratégias de como a família pode ser um instrumento terapêutico no período da hospitalização.

OBJETIVO: Comparar o efeito de duas técnicas de facectomia (facoemulsificação e extracapsular) no posicionamento da pálpebra superior. MÉTODOS: Foi analisado o posicionamento palpebral de dois grupos de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de catarata: facoemulsificação e extracapsular. As imagens foram digitalizadas (antes e 30 dias após a cirurgia) e processadas com o programa NIH 1.62. O posicionamento palpebral foi medido em relação a uma linha horizontal que unia os cantos medial e lateral da fenda palpebral, passando pelo centro da pupila. RESULTADOS: O posicionamento palpebral foi afetado de maneira diferente segundo a técnica utilizada. Na facoemulsificação a diferença média entre a posição palpebral superior pós e pré-operatória foi de -0,54 mm. Na extracapsular esta diferença aumentou para -1,41 mm. O teste t de Student (amostras pareadas) mostrou que as médias das diferenças entre os dois grupos são significativamente diferentes (p=0,0068). CONCLUSÃO: A técnica de cirurgia de facoemulsificação induziu menor variação do posicionamento palpebral em relação à cirurgia extracapsular no pós-operatório recente.

PURPOSE: To compare changes in the upper eyelid position after cataract surgery with phacoemulsification and extracapsular techniques. METHODS: The upper eyelid position was measured in two groups of patients before and 30 days after cataract surgery performed with phacoemulsification and extracapsular techniques. Palpebral fissure images (before and after the cataract surgery) were digitized and then processed using the NIH 1.62 software. Eyelid position was measured relative to a horizontal line passing through the pupil center and connecting both canthi of the palpebral fissure. RESULTS: The palpebral position was differently affected according to the techniques. In phacoemulsification the mean difference between eyelids position before and after surgery was -0.54 mm. In the extracapsular technique this difference increased to -1.41 mm.The paired Student t test showed that the difference between two means was significant (p=0.0068). CONCLUSION: The phacoemulsification technique induces less variation in the upper eyelid position than the extracapsular technique in the recent postoperative period.

OBJECTIVE - To evaluate the cardiac abnormalities and their evolution during the course of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, as well as to correlate clinical and pathological data. METHODS - Twenty-one patients, admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, were prospectively studied and followed until their death. Age ranged from 19 to 42 years (17 males). ECG and echocardiogram were also obtained every six months. After death, macro- and microscopic examinations were also performed. RESULTS - The most frequent causes of referral to the hospital were: diarrhea or repeated pneumonias, tuberculosis, toxoplasmosis or Kaposi sarcoma. The most frequent findings were acute or chronic pericarditis (42%) and dilated cardiomyopathy (19%). Four patients died of cardiac problems: infective endocarditis, pericarditis with pericardial effusion, bacterial myocarditis and infection by Toxoplasma gondii. CONCLUSION - Severe cardiac abnormalities were the cause of death in some patients. In the majority of the patients, a good correlation existed between clinical and anatomical-pathological data. Cardiac evaluation was important to detect early manifestations and treat them accordingly, even in asymptomatic patients.